Recent investigations have focused on optimizing the performance of PVDF membrane bioreactors (MBRs) for effective wastewater treatment. Key approaches for enhancement involve modifying the bioreactor structure, optimizing operational parameters such as velocity, and implementing advanced technologies. These improvements aim to increase removal rat

The effectiveness of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane bioreactors in treating industrial wastewater is a subject of growing interest. These bioreactors combine the principles of microbial treatment with membrane filtration to achieve high purification rates of various contaminants. This article presents a comprehensive evaluation of PVDF mem